Google's €13bn Finland data center buildout under investigation over 300-hectare forest removal

Google's data center expansion in Finland is facing regulatory scrutiny after approximately 300 hectares of forest were reportedly cleared at project sites in Muhos and Kajaani before mandatory environmental impact assessments were completed. On September 18, Finland's Licensing and Supervision Agency (LVV) requested reports from the municipality of Muhos, the city of Kajaani, and project manager Tuike Finland Oy on the planned projects, their permits, and measures taken in the areas.

The Finnish Association for Nature Conservation said in mid-September that it suspected illegal logging had been carried out at the sites. According to LVV, forestry works began months ago while the environmental impact assessment was still underway. The agency noted that logging in a master plan area requires a landscape work permit under the Building Act, and that a building ban is in force in both municipalities because local plans have been appealed to the administrative court. Google communications manager Michiel Sallaets denied any illegal forestry activities, saying logging was done on company-owned land "in full accordance with the requirements of the Forestry Act," with potential profits from selective logging donated to local projects.

The investigation adds friction to a major investment commitment. In early September 2026, Google said it would invest €13 billion ($15.13bn) in digital infrastructure in Finland across 2027 and 2028. The company has operated in Finland since acquiring a former Hamina paper mill in 2009, and in 2024 purchased 1,400 hectares in Kajaani and Muhos from state forest agency Metsähallitus. The Finnish Association for Nature Conservation and the Safety and Chemicals Agency have both called for construction to be halted until the environmental impact assessment is completed.

What remains unknown is whether LVV will determine that permits were required before the logging occurred, and whether any enforcement action or construction delay will follow. The agency has emphasized that the EIA reasoned conclusion is a key document for processing project permits, but no finding of illegality has yet been issued. Google has not detailed specific plans for the Muhos and Kajaani sites beyond the broader Finland investment figure.